Act 2025Sections 13–95

Chapter IV of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Computation of Total Income

The largest chapter in the Act — 83 sections computing income under every head from salary to capital gains to other sources.

What this chapter does

Chapter IV runs from section 13 to section 95 and absorbs what the 1961 Act spread across sections 14 to 59. Salary is sections 15 to 19; house property 20 to 25; business and profession 26 to 65, which is more than half the chapter; capital gains 66 to 91; other sources 92 to 95. The business block is where most litigation lives: section 35 is the successor to the disallowance code in section 40 of the 1961 Act, section 37 to the actual-payment rule in section 43B of that Act, section 58 to the presumptive schemes in sections 44AD, 44ADA and 44AE, and section 63 to tax audit under section 44AB.

What to watch

The heads are computed in sequence and a loss in one head does not travel until Chapter VII lets it.
Several 1961 provisos have become free-standing sub-sections here, which changes how strictly they are read.

The sections in this chapter

83 sections, in the order the Act runs them. 4 of them are read in full. 83 have a page of their own.

What this page does not tell you. This page gives the shape of the chapter and the Act's own heading for every section in it. It does not reproduce the text of any section, and a heading is not the provision. Where a section is marked read in full, that page carries the working; everywhere else, read the section itself before relying on anything here.