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Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter IV › Section 55
Chapter IVwas s.44

Section 55 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 55 — Insurance business. Successor to s.44 of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 55 is in Chapter IV — Computation of Total Income, which runs from section 13 to section 95.

← Section 54  ·  Section 56 →

What this section does

A single sentence with a non obstante clause: the profits and gains of any insurance business — including one carried on by a mutual insurance company or by a co-operative society — are computed as provided in Schedule XIV, overriding the computation provisions for 'Income from house property', 'Capital gains' and 'Income from other sources', section 390(5) and (6), and sections 26 to 54. Nothing about how the computation is done appears in the section itself.

Why it is there

Insurance accounts are drawn under their own regulatory framework, so the Act removes insurers from the ordinary heads-of-income machinery and puts the whole computation into one Schedule.

Who it applies to

What this means in practice

There is nothing to compute from this section — go straight to Schedule XIV, which carries the entire method. The practical consequence of the override is that the normal business-computation sections 26 to 54, the house property, capital gains and other sources provisions, and section 390(5) and (6) do not apply to the insurance business to the extent the Schedule provides.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

An insurer lets part of an office block it owns and also realises a gain on securities it holds. On ordinary principles the rent would be computed under 'Income from house property', the gain under 'Capital gains', and the business result under sections 26 to 54. Section 55 displaces all of that at once: its opening words override those heads, section 390(5) and (6) and sections 26 to 54, and the profits and gains of the insurance business are computed as per Schedule XIV instead — and the same is true of a mutual insurance company and of a co-operative society carrying on insurance, both named in the section. Nothing in the section produces a figure; every number comes out of the Schedule.

Where you meet this section

In an insurer's return and its computation of business income, which is drawn under Schedule XIV rather than the ordinary heads, and in the assessment order testing that computation. The section names no form and no authority — it names only Schedule XIV.

The words themselves

the profits and gains of any business of insurance, including any such business carried on by a mutual insurance company or by a co-operative society, shall be computed as per the provisions of Schedule XIV
s.55, Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

Notifications that reach this section

A notification is made under a power the Act gives and, within that power, is law. These too were made under the 1961 Act and are placed here by the department’s concordance.

See the notifications index.

Case law carried across

Read this before you rely on it. Every decision below was decided under the Income-tax Act, 1961. It appears here because it is tagged to a 1961 provision that the department’s own mapping carries to section 55. That is an inference we have drawn, not a holding on the new section: where the words changed in the move, the reasoning may not survive. Treat this as the place to start looking, not as authority on the 2025 Act.

Explainers

Read with

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.