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Case lawCBDT Circulars & Instructions › Statutory position — s.144C(15)(b): who is an "eligible assessee", the two limbs, and the substitution by Act No. 12 of 2020 with effect from 1 April 2020 that brought in every non-resident not being a company
CBDT Circulars & InstructionsCuts both wayss.144Cs.144C(15)s.144C(15)(b)s.144C(1)s.144C(16)s.92CAs.92CA(3)s.92Cs.92BAs.158BAs.158BDs.253s.253(1)s.246A

Statutory position — s.144C(15)(b): who is an "eligible assessee", the two limbs, and the substitution by Act No. 12 of 2020 with effect from 1 April 2020 that brought in every non-resident not being a company

The Assessing Officer has forwarded a draft order to our partnership firm, which is non-resident but is not a company, and there is no Transfer Pricing Officer's order in the case. Is the firm an eligible assessee at all, and does it matter which assessment year we are in?

The Assessing Officer has forwarded a draft order to our partnership firm, which is non-resident but is not a company, and there is no Transfer Pricing Officer's order in the case. Is the firm an eligible assessee at all, and does it matter which assessment year we are in?

It matters a great deal which year you are in. As s.144C(15)(b) stands on the departmental edition stamped Year 2025 it reads: "(b) 'eligible assessee' means,— (i) any person in whose case the variation referred to in sub-section (1) arises as a consequence of the order of the Transfer Pricing Officer passed under sub-section (3) of section 92CA; and (ii) any non-resident not being a company, or any foreign company:". Sub-clause (ii) in that form was substituted by Act No. 12 of 2020 with effect from 1 April 2020 — footnote 97 on the departmental edition stamped Year 2021 reads verbatim "Sub. by the Act No. 12 of 2020, w.e.f. 1-4-2020.", and footnote 91 on the Year 2022 edition repeats it. Before that substitution, and as printed on the editions stamped Year 2009 and Year 2019 (No. 2), sub-clause (ii) read simply "any foreign company". So a non-resident firm, a non-resident individual, a non-resident association of persons — any non-resident that is not a company — became an eligible assessee in its own right on 1 April 2020 and was not one before, unless it was brought in by limb (i). Limb (i) is independent of status: it catches ANY person, resident or not, company or not, where the variation in sub-section (1) arises as a consequence of an order of the Transfer Pricing Officer under s.92CA(3). Two things were added with effect from 1 September 2024 by Act No. 15 of 2024: a proviso to clause (b) reading "Provided that such eligible assessee shall not include person referred to in sub-section (1) of section 158BA or other person referred to in section 158BD.", and s.144C(16), "The provisions of this section shall not apply to any proceedings under Chapter XIV-B."

Decided by the CBDT Circulars & Instructions (Not applicable — statutory text) on 2020-04-01, reported as Section 144C(15) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, heading "Reference to dispute resolution panel", transcribed from incometaxindia.gov.in/w/section-144c-16 (Year: 2025), with the same clause read on incometaxindia.gov.in/w/section-144c-11 (Year: 2021, footnote 97), /w/section-144c-12 (Year: 2022, footnote 91), /w/section-144c-13 (Year: 2023) and /w/section-144c-14 (Year: 2024 (No. 1)), and with the pre-substitution text read on /w/section-144c (Year: 2009) and /w/section-144c-10 (Year: 2019 (No. 2)). It bears on section 144C, section 144C(15), section 144C(15)(b), section 144C(1), section 144C(16), section 92CA, section 92CA(3), section 92C, section 92BA, section 158BA, section 158BD, section 253, section 253(1), section 246A of the Income Tax Act 1961, in Assessment & Scrutiny, Appeals, How Tax Law Is Read and Residence & Treaty Benefit matters.

Still good law. The definition as stated is current so far as I could establish. Seven departmental editions carrying clause (15)(b) were read, with "Year:" stamps of 2009, 2019 (No. 2), 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 (No. 1) and 2025; the two earliest print "any foreign company" and the five later ones print "any non-resident not being a company, or any foreign company", which is consistent with the substitution footnoted on the Year 2021 and Year 2022 editions as made by Act No. 12 of 2020 with effect from 1 April 2020. Year 2025 is the most recent edition I reached; I probed no suffix above /w/section-144c-16, so a later amendment cannot be excluded. The pre-substitution wording is taken from the text of the two historical editions and not from any footnote, because no departmental page I reached prints the substituted words in a footnote. The proviso to clause (b) and sub-section (16) are printed on the Year 2025 edition in square brackets against footnote marker [2], and footnote 2 on that page, read on a separate fetch of the page's footnote list, states in full: "Ins. by Act No. 15 of 2024, w.e.f. 1-9-2024." That footnote is the whole of my source for Act No. 15 of 2024 and for the effective date of 1 September 2024; the short title of that Act is not verified from a government source. No Finance Act, Gazette notification or judgment was read on this pass.

Why it matters

This is the clause on which jurisdiction under the whole of s.144C turns, in both directions. Where there is no eligible assessee there can be no draft order, and an officer who forwards one and a Panel that entertains objections on it are acting outside the section; equally, where there IS an eligible assessee, the draft order is a condition of the officer's power to make the variation at all and a final order passed without one is open to attack on jurisdiction, for which the library already holds SHL India v DCIT, Transworld Garnet and Vijay Television v DRP. The date is the trap. A practitioner who carries the definition he learnt before 2020 will tell a non-resident individual or a non-resident firm that it is outside s.144C, and for assessment year 2020-21 onward that is wrong. A practitioner who reads the definition off the departmental page the search engine puts second, /w/section-144c-10, will make the same mistake, because that page is stamped Year 2019 (No. 2) and prints "any foreign company". In the other direction, limb (i) is the one that does most of the work in practice and it is easy to under-read: it does not require the assessee to be non-resident or foreign at all. A resident Indian company whose draft order contains a transfer pricing adjustment consequent on a s.92CA(3) order is an eligible assessee under limb (i), and is entitled to the draft order and to the Panel. What the section does NOT say is equally worth holding on to: limb (i) is keyed to a variation arising as a consequence of an order of the Transfer Pricing Officer passed under s.92CA(3), so where no reference was made, or where the reference itself was bad because the transaction was not within Chapter X at all — the point this library takes on s.92BA — limb (i) is not engaged and the eligibility has to be found, if at all, in limb (ii).

Binding on the department, not on the assessee or the courts. An assessee may rely on a circular that is beneficial to them.

Not yet CA-verified. This entry was found through the sources listed under the Sources tab, and the summary reflects what those sources say. Nobody has yet read the full judgment and signed it off. Check the source before relying on it.

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Related

Other authorities on the same sections.
Every authority on the provisions this decision turns on: all 60 on s.92CA · all 36 on s.92C · all 35 on s.144C