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Case law › About

Who wrote this, and how

A reference work should say who stands behind it and what it did to earn being relied on. This page says both, and says plainly what has not been done yet.

The author

CA Prabhakar Kumar, FCA — Fellow member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, membership no. 560762, in practice at Prabhakar Kumar & Co., Pune (firm registration no. 038082N). The library is published through VittSphere Technologies Private Limited (CIN U62099PN2026PTC253995).

The practice is a separate thing from this library and nothing here is written to sell it. The link is here for the same reason the membership number is: so that a reader who wants to know who wrote a page can find out, and check.

The membership number is printed on every page of this library on purpose. It is checkable against the ICAI register, and it means there is a named person answerable for what is written here rather than a masthead.

Which Act these pages are about

The Income-tax Act, 2025 came into force on 1 April 2026 and replaced the Income-tax Act, 1961. Section 536 of the new Act expressly saves the 1961 Act for every tax year beginning before 1 April 2026 — including the assessments, reassessments, penalties, appeals and prosecutions arising from those years, even where the proceeding starts after 1 April 2026.

This library states the law under the Income-tax Act, 1961. That is the Act that governs every assessment year up to and including AY 2026-27, and the disputes that follow from those years for as long as they run. It is not the Act that governs income arising on or after 1 April 2026.

On prosecutions the position follows the same rule: the section charged is the one under the Act governing the underlying default, so a TDS default before April 2026 is still prosecuted under s.276B of the 1961 Act and not under s.476 of the 2025 Act.

What is in it

2411 authorities

Judgments of the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the Tribunal, advance rulings, and CBDT circulars — each with a one-paragraph summary, the facts, the reasoning, what to do if it applies to you, and a link to where it was found.

1082 flagged

Every authority has been searched for later treatment. These are the ones where the answer to “is it still good law” is not a clean yes.

2438 sections

A page for every provision the library holds anything on, in both the 1961 and the 2025 numbering.

336 explainers

Provisions explained in plain English, and 100 worked examples taking a notice from arrival to reply.

Alongside them: the Income-tax Act 2025 in full with the 1961 concordance, the Rules, the prescribed forms, the rates by assessment year taken from the Finance Acts themselves, the circulars, the notifications and the tax treaties.

How the counting works

One number is the size of this library: 2,411 authorities. That is judgments, advance rulings and CBDT instruments, counted once each. Every other number on the site counts something else, and they do not add up to it, on purpose.

A judgment is filed under every provision it turns on — 4.9 of them on the average entry, because a reassessment case usually engages s.147, s.148, s.148A and s.151 at once. So the 2,342 section pages between them hold 11,907 filings, and a reader adding up the section counts would arrive at nearly five times the size of the library. The same is true of the 26 subjects. Nothing is duplicated; one authority appears wherever it is useful.

So 2,411 is the library. Anything larger is a count of filings; anything smaller is a subset.

How an entry is made

  1. The judgment is found, not remembered. Nothing here is written from recollection. Every entry begins with a search, and the page links where it was found so you can go and read it rather than take our word for it.
  2. The court is quoted; a publisher never is. A judgment is a government work. A commercial publisher’s headnote is that publisher’s copyrighted editorial writing, and no part of one appears here. Where a law-report citation is given, it is a citation — a way of finding the case — not a source.
  3. The summary is separated from the holding. Each page distinguishes what the court said from what we say about it, so a quotation of one is never mistaken for the other.
  4. Later treatment is searched for. An authority that has been overruled, narrowed or overtaken by an amendment carries that on its face, with the reason.
  5. Every page is regenerated, never hand-patched. The whole library is built from one corpus by one set of generators. A correction is a change to the corpus and a rebuild, which is why a number cannot be right on one page and stale on another.

What it does not claim

No entry has yet been read in full by a chartered accountant against the certified copy of the judgment, and every page says so on its face. That is a lower claim than a commercial law report makes, and it is made deliberately. Until that work is done, each page says Not yet CA-verified, and it means exactly what it says. Read the source before you rely on an entry in a reply to an Assessing Officer or in an appeal.

Nothing in this library is legal or tax advice, and reading it creates no professional relationship.

Corrections

If an entry is wrong — the holding misstated, a case still cited that has since been overruled, a section number mapped to the wrong provision — say so and it will be fixed and rebuilt. A library that cannot be corrected should not be trusted. WhatsApp 77092 83841.

Quoting it

Quoting is welcome and is the reason the library is public. Name TaxSphere and link the page. The full position on what is whose is at terms and attribution.