Act 2025Sections 431–438

Chapter XX of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Refunds

Eight sections on refunds — who may claim, in what form, and what interest runs on the money.

What this chapter does

Sections 431 to 438 carry the right to a refund, the person entitled to claim in special cases, the form and limitation of a claim, refunds where liability to deduct is denied, refunds on appeal, interest on refunds, and the power to set off or withhold a refund. Section 436 bars the correctness of an assessment being reopened in a refund proceeding.

What to watch

Section 438 lets a refund be withheld against other demands; a refund shown as determined is not a refund received.
Interest under section 437 runs from a date fixed by the section, not from the date the return was filed.

The sections in this chapter

8 sections, in the order the Act runs them. 8 have a page of their own.

What this page does not tell you. This page gives the shape of the chapter and the Act's own heading for every section in it. It does not reproduce the text of any section, and a heading is not the provision. Where a section is marked read in full, that page carries the working; everywhere else, read the section itself before relying on anything here.