VittSphere ONE Calculators Blog CA Prabhakar Kumar · FCA · ICAI 560762
Case lawIncome-tax Rules 2026 › Rule 231
Rules 2026s.439s.440s.478s.479

Rule 231 of the Income-tax Rules, 2026

Rule 231 — Form of application under section 440. Made under s.439, s.440, s.478, s.479 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.

Where this rule sits

Rule 231 gives effect to Section 439, Section 440, Section 478 and Section 479 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. A rule cannot go beyond the section it serves: where the two seem to differ, the section governs.

← Rule 230  ·  Rule 232 →

What this rule does

The rule prescribes the form for an application under section 440. An application to the Assessing Officer to grant immunity from imposition of penalty under section 439 and from initiation of proceedings under section 478 or section 479 is to be made in Form No. 161.

Why it is there

Section 440 allows an assessee to ask for immunity but leaves the form of the request to be prescribed. The rule supplies it, and in doing so records in one place what the single application covers: immunity from penalty under section 439 and from initiation of proceedings under section 478 or section 479.

Who it applies to

The forms it prescribes

What this means in practice

One application in Form No. 161 covers both limbs, the penalty under section 439 and the initiation of proceedings under sections 478 and 479, so separate requests are not called for. The rule fixes only the form and the addressee, the Assessing Officer; the conditions on which immunity may be granted, and the consequences of an application, are in section 440.

Where you meet this rule

You meet it after an assessment where penalty and prosecution are in prospect, as the application in Form No. 161 filed with the Assessing Officer.

The words themselves

An application to the Assessing Officer to grant immunity from imposition of penalty under section 439 and from initiation of proceedings under section 478 or section 479 shall be made in Form No. 161.
Rule 231, Income-tax Rules, 2026.

What people get wrong

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the rule. Everything above was written from the rule’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here. A rule is subordinate legislation: it prescribes the method, the form or the period, and it cannot enlarge the charge the section imposes. Where a figure matters, read the sub-rule it comes from.