VittSphere ONE Calculators Blog CA Prabhakar Kumar · FCA · ICAI 560762
Case law1961 to 2025 › ss.237-298
Concordance251 rows

Sections 237 to 298 of the 1961 Act — Appeals, revision, penalties, offences and the rest

Sections 237 to 298 of the 1961 Act: refunds, the appeal ladder, revision, penalty, prosecution and the miscellaneous provisions.

Whose mapping this is. The correspondences below are the Income Tax Department’s own, published through its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. They are a government work and we reproduce them as they stand, without editing. What we add is the arrangement, the links through to the chapter each 2025 provision sits in, and — on sixteen rows — our own account of what actually changed in the move. Those sixteen were worked out here by reading both provisions side by side before we found the department’s table, and every one of them agrees with it.
Income-tax Act, 1961Income-tax Act, 2025
237 - Refunds431 — Refunds
238 - Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases432 — Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases
239 - Form of claim for refund and limitation433 — Form of claim for refund and limitation
239A - Refund for denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases434 — Refund for denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases
240 - Refund on appeal, etc.435 — Refund on appeal, etc.
241A - Withholding of refund in certain casesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
242 - Correctness of assessment not to be questioned436 — Correctness of assessment not to be questioned
243 - Interest on delayed refundsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
244 - Interest on refund where no claim is neededThe department’s table records no counterpart.
244A - Interest on refunds437 — Interest on refunds
245 - Set off and withholding of refunds in certain cases438 — Set off and withholding of refunds in certain cases
245A - DefinitionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245AA - Interim Boards for SettlementThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245B - Income-tax Settlement CommissionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245BA - Jurisdiction and powers of Settlement CommissionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245BB - Vice-Chairman to act as Chairman or to discharge his functions in certain circumstancesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245BC - Power of Chairman to transfer cases from one Bench to anotherThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245BD - Decision to be by majorityThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245C - Application for settlement of casesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245D - Procedure on receipt of an application under section 245CThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245DD - Power of Settlement Commission to order provision­al attachment to protect revenueThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245E - Power of Settlement Commission to reopen completed proceedingsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245F - Powers and procedure of Settlement CommissionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245G - Inspection, etc., of reportsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245H - Power of Settlement Commission to grant immunity from prosecution and penaltyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245HA - Abatement of proceeding before Settlement CommissionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245HAA - Credit for tax paid in case of abatement of proceedingsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245-I - Order of settlement to be conclusiveThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245J - Recovery of sums due under order of settlementThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245K - Bar on subsequent application for settlementThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245L - Proceedings before Settlement Commission to be judicial proceedingsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245M - Option to withdraw pending applicationThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245MA - Dispute Resolution Committee379 — Dispute Resolution Committee
245MA - Dispute Resolution Committee532 — Power to frame Schemes
245N - Definitions380 — Interpretation
245-O - Authority for advance rulingsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245-OA - Qualifications, terms and conditions of service of Chairman, Vice-Chairman and MemberThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245-OB - Board for Advance Rulings381 — Board for Advance Rulings
245P - Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings382 — Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings
245Q - Application for advance ruling383 — Application for advance ruling
245R - Procedure on receipt of application384 — Procedure on receipt of application
245R - Procedure on receipt of application532 — Power to frame Schemes
245RR - Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases385 — Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases
245S - Applicability of advance rulingThe department’s table records no counterpart.
245T - Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances386 — Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances
245U - Powers of the Authority387 — Powers of the Board for Advance Rulings
245V - Procedure of Authority388 — Procedure of Board for Advance Rulings
245W - Appeal389 — Appeal
245W - Appeal532 — Power to frame Schemes
246 - Appealable orders before Joint Commissioner (Appeals)356 — Appealable orders before Joint Commissioner (Appeals)
246A - Appealable orders before Commissioner (Appeals)357 — Appealable orders before Commissioner (Appeals)
248 - Appeal by a person denying liability to deduct tax in certain casesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
249 - Form of appeal and limitation358 — Form of appeal and limitation
250 - Procedure in appeal359 — Procedure in appeal
250 - Procedure in appeal532 — Power to frame Schemes
251 - Powers of the Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or the Commissioner (Appeals)360 — Powers of Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or the Commissioner (Appeals)
252 - Appellate Tribunal361 — Appellate Tribunal
252A - Qualifications, terms and conditions of service of President, Vice-President and Member361 — Appellate Tribunal
253 - Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal362 — Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal
253 - Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal532 — Power to frame Schemes
254 - Orders of Appellate Tribunal363 — Orders of Appellate Tribunal
255 - Procedure of Appellate Tribunal364 — Procedure of Appellate Tribunal
255 - Procedure of Appellate Tribunal532 — Power to frame Schemes
256 - Statement of case to the High CourtThe department’s table records no counterpart.
257 - Statement of case to Supreme Court in certain casesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
258 - Power of High Court or Supreme Court to require statement to be amendedThe department’s table records no counterpart.
259 - Case before High Court to be heard by not less than two judgesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
260 - Decision of High Court or Supreme Court on the case statedThe department’s table records no counterpart.
260A - Appeal to High Court365 — Appeals to High Court
260B - Case before High Court to be heard by not less than two Judges366 — Cases before High Court to be heard by not less than two Judges
261 - Appeal to Supreme Court367 — Appeal to Supreme Court
262 - Hearing before Supreme Court368 — Hearing before Supreme Court
263 - Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue377 — Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue
What changed: 1. A sixty-day floor is added. S.377(7) provides that if, after the excluded periods are taken out, less than sixty days remain, the period is extended to sixty days. Section 263 had no such… read in full
264 - Revision of other orders378 — Revision of other orders
264A - Faceless revision of orders532 — Power to frame Schemes
264B - Faceless effect of orders532 — Power to frame Schemes
265 - Tax to be paid notwithstanding reference, etc.369 — Tax to be paid irrespective of appeal, etc.
266 - Execution for costs awarded by Supreme Court370 — Execution for costs awarded by Supreme Court
267 - Amendment of assessment on appeal371 — Amendment of assessment on appeal
268 - Exclusion of time taken for copy372 — Exclusion of time taken for copy
268A - Filing of appeal or application for reference by income-tax authority373 — Filing of appeal or by income-tax authority
269 - Definition of “High Court”374 — Interpretation of “High Court”
269A - DefinitionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269AB - Registration of certain transactionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269B - Competent authorityThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269C - Immovable property in respect of which proceedings for acquisition may be takenThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269D - Preliminary noticeThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269E - ObjectionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269F - Hearing of objectionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269G - Appeal against order for acquisitionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269H - Appeal to High CourtThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269-I - Vesting of property in Central GovernmentThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269J - CompensationThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269K - Payment or deposit of compensationThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269L - Assistance by Valuation OfficersThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269M - Powers of competent authorityThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269N - Rectification of mistakesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269-O - Appearance by authorised representative or regis­tered valuerThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269P - Statement to be furnished in respect of transfers of immovable propertyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269Q - Chapter not to apply to transfers to relativesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269R - Properties liable for acquisition under this chapter not to be acquired under other lawsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269RR - Chapter not to apply where transfer of immovable property made after a certain dateThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269SS - Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum185 — Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum
269SS - Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum189 — Interpretation
269SS - Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum2 — Definitions
269ST - Mode of undertaking transactions186 — Mode of undertaking transactions
269ST - Mode of undertaking transactions189 — Interpretation
269ST - Mode of undertaking transactions2 — Definitions
269SU - Acceptance of payment through prescribed electronic modes187 — Acceptance of payment through prescribed electronic modes
269T - Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits188 — Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits or specified advances
269T - Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits189 — Interpretation
269T - Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits2 — Definitions
269TT - Mode of repayment of Special Bearer Bonds, 1991The department’s table records no counterpart.
269U - Commencement of ChapterThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UA - DefinitionsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UB - Appropriate authorityThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UC - Restrictions on transfer of immovable propertyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UD - Order by appropriate authority for purchase by Central Government of immovable propertyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UE - Vesting of property in Central GovernmentThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UF - Consideration for purchase of immovable property by Central GovernmentThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UG - Payment or deposit of considerationThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UH - Re-vesting of property in the transferor on fail­ure of payment or deposit of considerationThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UI - Powers of the appropriate authorityThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UJ - Rectification of mistakesThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UK - Restrictions on revocation or alteration of certain agreements for the transfer of immovable property or on transfer of certain immovable propertyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UL - Restrictions on registration, etc., of documents in respect of transfer of immovable propertyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UM - Immunity to transferor against claims of transfer­ee for transferThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UN - Order of appropriate authority to be final and conclusiveThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UO - Chapter not to apply to certain transfersThe department’s table records no counterpart.
269UP - Chapter not to apply where transfer of immovable property effected after certain dateThe department’s table records no counterpart.
270A - Penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income439 — Penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income
What changed: 1. A seventh case of misreporting is added. Section 270A(9) listed six; s.439(11)(g) adds 'income referred to in section 195(1)(b)' - that is, the unexplained credits, investments, assets… read in full
270AA - Immunity from imposition of penalty, etc.440 — Immunity from imposition of penalty, etc.
271 - Failure to furnish returns, comply with notices, con­cealment of income, etc.The department’s table records no counterpart.
271A - Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc.441 — Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc.
271AA - Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document, etc., in respect of certain transactions442 — Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document, etc., in respect of certain transactions
271AAA - Penalty where search has been initiatedThe department’s table records no counterpart.
271AAB - Penalty where search has been initiatedThe department’s table records no counterpart.
271AAC - Penalty in respect of certain income443 — Penalty in respect of certain income
271AAD - Penalty for false entry, etc., in books of account444 — Penalty for false entry, etc., in books of account
271AAE - Benefits to related persons445 — Benefits to related persons
271B - Failure to get accounts audited446 — Failure to get accounts audited
271BA - Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 92E447 — Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 172
271BB - Failure to subscribe to the eligible issue of capitalThe department’s table records no counterpart.
271C - Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source448 — Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source
271CA - Penalty for failure to collect tax at source449 — Penalty for failure to collect tax at source
271D - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 269SS450 — Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 185
271DA - Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 269ST451 — Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 186
271DA - Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 269ST470 — Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases
271DB - Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 269SU452 — Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 187
271DB - Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 269SU470 — Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases
271E - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 269T453 — Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 188
271F - Penalty for failure to furnish return of incomeThe department’s table records no counterpart.
271FA - Penalty for failure to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account454 — Penalty for failure to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account
271FAA - Penalty for furnishing inaccurate statement of financial transaction or reportable account455 — Penalty for furnishing inaccurate statement of financial transaction or reportable account
271FAB - Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document by an eligible investment fund456 — Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document by eligible investment fund
271FB - Penalty for failure to furnish return of fringe benefitsThe department’s table records no counterpart.
271G - Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 92D457 — Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document under section 171
271GA - Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 285A458 — Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 506
271GB - Penalty for failure to furnish report or for furnishing inaccurate report under section 286459 — Penalty for failure to furnish report or for furnishing inaccurate report under section 511
271GC - Penalty for failure to submit statement under section 285460 — Penalty for failure submit statement under section 505
271H - Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.461 — Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.
271-I - Penalty for failure to furnish information or furnishing inaccurate information under section 195462 — Penalty for failure to furnish information or furnishing inaccurate information under section 397(3)(d)
271J - Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates463 — Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates
271J - Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates2 — Definitions
271K - Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.464 — Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.
272A - Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.465 — Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.
272A - Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.471 — Procedure
272AA - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 133B466 — Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 254
272AA - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 133B471 — Procedure
272B - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 139A467 — Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 262
272B - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 139A471 — Procedure
272BB - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 203A468 — Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 397(1)
272BB - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 203A471 — Procedure
272BBB - Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 206CAThe department’s table records no counterpart.
273 - False estimate of, or failure to pay, advance taxThe department’s table records no counterpart.
273A - Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases469 — Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases
273AA - Power of Principal Commissioner or Commissioner to grant immunity from penaltyThe department’s table records no counterpart.
273B - Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases470 — Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases
274 - Procedure471 — Procedure
274 - Procedure532 — Power to frame Schemes
275 - Bar of limitation for imposing penalties472 — Bar of limitation for imposing penalty
275A - Contravention of order made under sub-section (3) of section 132473 — Contravention of order made under section 247
275B - Failure to comply with the provisions of clause (iib) of sub-section (1) of section 132474 — Failure to comply with section 247(1)(ii)
276 - Removal, concealment, transfer or delivery of property to thwart tax recovery475 — Removal, concealment, transfer or delivery of property to prevent tax recovery
276A - Failure to comply with the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (3) of section 178The department’s table records no counterpart.
276AB - Failure to comply with the provisions of sections 269UC, 269UE and 269ULThe department’s table records no counterpart.
276B - Failure to pay tax to the credit of Central Government under Chapter XII-D or XVII-B476 — Failure to pay tax to credit of Central Government under Chapter XII-B
276BB - Failure to pay the tax collected at source477 — Failure to pay tax collected at source
276C - Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc.478 — Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc.
276CC - Failure to furnish returns of income479 — Failure to furnish returns of income
276CCC - Failure to furnish return of income in search cases480 — Failure to furnish return of income in search cases
276D - Failure to produce accounts and documents481 — Failure to produce accounts and documents
277 - False statement in verification, etc.482 — False statement in verification, etc.
277A - Falsification of books of account or document, etc.483 — Falsification of books of account or document, etc.
278 - Abetment of false return, etc.484 — Abetment of false return, etc.
278A - Punishment for second and subsequent offences485 — Punishment for second and subsequent offences
278AA - Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases486 — Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases
278AB - Power of Principal Commissioner or Commissioner to grant immunity from prosecutionThe department’s table records no counterpart.
278B - Offences by companies487 — Offences by companies
278C - Offences by Hindu undivided families488 — Offences by Hindu undivided family
278D - Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases489 — Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases
278E - Presumption as to culpable mental state490 — Presumption as to culpable mental state
279 - Prosecution to be at instance of Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner491 — Prosecution to be at instance of Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner
279 - Prosecution to be at instance of Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner532 — Power to frame Schemes
279A - Certain offences to be non-cognizable492 — Certain offences to be non-cognizable
279B - Proof of entries in records or documents493 — Proof of entries in records or documents
280 - Disclosure of particulars by public servants494 — Disclosure of particulars by public servants
280A - Special Courts495 — Special Courts
280B - Offences triable by Special Court496 — Offences triable by Special Court
280C - Trial of offences as summons case497 — Trial of offences as summons case
280D - Application of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to proceedings before Special Court498 — Application of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 to proceedings before Special Court
281 - Certain transfers to be void499 — Certain transfers to be void
281B - Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases500 — Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases
281B - Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases2 — Definitions
282 - Service of notice generally501 — Service of notice generally
282A - Authentication of notices and other documents502 — Authentication of notices and other documents
283 - Service of notice when family is disrupted or firm, etc., is dissolved503 — Service of notice when family is disrupted or firm, etc., is dissolved
284 - Service of notice in the case of discontinued business504 — Service of notice in case of discontinued business
285 - Submission of statement by a non-resident having liaison office505 — Submission of statement by a non-resident having liaison office
285A - Furnishing of information or documents by an Indian concern in certain cases506 — Furnishing of information or documents by an Indian concern in certain cases
285B - Submission of statements by producers of cinematograph films or persons engaged in specified activity507 — Submission of statements by producers of cinematograph films or persons engaged in specified activity
285BA - Obligation to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account508 — Obligation to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account
285BAA - Obligation to furnish information on transaction of crypto-asset509 — Obligation to furnish information on transaction of crypto-asset
285BB - Annual information statement510 — Annual information statement
286 - Furnishing of report in respect of international group511 — Furnishing of report in respect of international group
287 - Publication of information respecting assessees in certain cases512 — Publication of information respecting assessees in certain cases
287A - Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters513 — Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters
287A - Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters514 — Registration of Valuers
288 - Appearance by authorised representative515 — Appearance by authorised representative
288A - Rounding off of income516 — Rounding off of amount of total income, or amount payable or refundable
288B - Rounding off amount payable and refund due516 — Rounding off of amount of total income, or amount payable or refundable
289 - Receipt to be given517 — Receipt to be given
290 - Indemnity518 — Indemnity
291 - Power to tender immunity from prosecution519 — Power to tender immunity from prosecution
292 - Cognizance of offences520 — Cognizance of offences
292A - Section 360 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, not to apply521 — Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and section 401 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, not to apply
292B - Return of income, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds522 — Return of income, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds
292BB - Notice deemed to be valid in certain circumstances523 — Notice deemed to be valid in certain circumstances
292C - Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.524 — Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.
292CC - Authorisation and assessment in case of search or requisition525 — Authorisation and assessment in case of search or requisition
293 - Bar of suits in civil courts526 — Bar of suits in civil courts
293A - Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to participation in the business of prospecting for, extraction, etc., of mineral oils527 — Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to participation in business of prospecting for, extraction, etc., of mineral oils
293B - Power of Central Government or Board to condone delays in obtaining approval528 — Power of Central Government or Board to condone delays in obtaining approval
293C - Power to withdraw approval529 — Power to withdraw approval
293D - Faceless approval or registration532 — Power to frame Schemes
294 - Act to have effect pending legislative provision for charge of tax530 — Act to have effect pending legislative provision for charge of tax
294A - Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to certain Union territories531 — Power to rescind exemption in relation to certain Union territories already granted under section 294A of the Income-tax Act, 1961
295 - Power to make rules533 — Power to make rules
296 - Rules and certain notifications to be placed before Parliament534 — Laying before Parliament
297 - Repeals and savings536 — Repeal and savings
298 - Power to remove difficulties535 — Removal of difficulties
What a renumbering does not tell you. That section X became section Y is the easy half. The hard half is whether the words changed, and they very often did — a permissive ‘may’ became ‘shall’, a proviso became a free-standing sub-section, a condition moved into a Schedule. One old provision also frequently maps to several new ones, and this table shows each of those as its own row. Case law decided on the old words does not automatically carry across. Read both provisions before you rely on the mapping.