Act 2025Sections 101–107

Chapter VI of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Aggregation of Income

Unexplained money, and the seven sections that tax it whether or not anyone can say where it came from.

What this chapter does

Sections 101 to 107 are the successors to sections 68 to 69D of the 1961 Act — unexplained credits, investments, assets, expenditure, and amounts borrowed or repaid on a hundi. The drafting change that matters is the verb: the 1961 sections said such amounts 'may be' charged or deemed, and the 2025 sections say 'shall be'. The rate and the bar on set-off and deduction are not in this chapter at all; they sit in section 195.

What to watch

A chapter VI addition and its rate come from two different places — the deeming here, the tax in section 195.
Virtual digital assets are now named inside section 104, so an unexplained crypto holding is squarely inside the section.

The sections in this chapter

7 sections, in the order the Act runs them. 2 of them are read in full. 6 have a page of their own.

Section 101 — Total income
Section 102 — Unexplained credits read in full
Section 103 — Unexplained investment
Section 104 — Unexplained asset read in full
Section 105 — Unexplained expenditure
Section 106 — Amount borrowed or repaid through negotiable instrument, hundi, etc
Section 107 — Charge of tax

What this page does not tell you. This page gives the shape of the chapter and the Act's own heading for every section in it. It does not reproduce the text of any section, and a heading is not the provision. Where a section is marked read in full, that page carries the working; everywhere else, read the section itself before relying on anything here.