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Case lawCirculars1973 › Circular No. 103
CBDT circular 17 February 1973

Circular No. 103

Finance Act, 1966 - section 2(7)(d ) l Industrial Company

What this is

Circular No. 103 was issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes on 17 February 1973. Its subject is Finance Act, 1966 - section 2(7)(d ) l Industrial Company.

What it does

Reads the Explanation to section 2(7)(d) of the Finance Act, 1966 as an enlarging provision rather than a restricting one. The clause defines an industrial company as one mainly engaged in generating or distributing electricity or other power, in shipbuilding, in the manufacture or processing of goods or in mining, and the Explanation deems a company to be so engaged where the income attributable to those activities is not less than 51 per cent of its total income. On the advice it received, the Board holds that an industrial company covers both a company mainly engaged in those activities even where the income from them is less than 51 per cent of total income, and a company not mainly so engaged which nevertheless derives 51 per cent or more of its total income from them.

Why it was issued

The exact meaning of the Explanation had come up for consideration, the doubt being whether the 51 per cent test was the only way to qualify.

Who it reaches

The provisions it speaks to

Left, the provision of the Income-tax Act, 1961 as the instrument itself names it. Right, the section of the Income-tax Act, 2025 that the department’s own concordance maps it to — which is where the same ground is now covered.
Under the 1961 ActNow
s.2s.2, s.346, s.355

The instrument, as the Board published it

The words below are the department’s own, reproduced from its published text. Where the department’s copy carried a publisher’s notes after the instrument, those are not reproduced.

FINANCE ACT, 1966 - SECTION 2(7)(d ) l INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
1476. Meaning of industrial company under Explanation to section2(7)(d)
1. Under sub-section (7)(d ) of section 2 of the Finance Act, 1966, an "industrial company" means a company which is mainly engaged in the business of generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of power or in the construction of ships or in the manufacture or processing of goods or in mining. According to the Explanation to clause (d) of sub-section (7) of section 2, a company shall be deemed to be mainly engaged in the business of generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of power or in the construction of ships or in the manufacture or processing of goods or in mining, if the income attributable to any of the aforesaid activities included in its total income for the previous year is not less than fifty-one per cent of such total income.
2. The question as to the exact meaning of the Explanation to sub-section (7)(d) of section 2, came up for the consideration and the Board are advised that an "industrial company" would mean–
(a) a company which is mainly engaged in the business of generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of power or in the construction of ships or in the manufacture or processing of goods or in mining, even if its income from such activities is less than 51 per cent of its total income; and
(b) a company which, even though not mainly so engaged, derives in any year 51 per cent or more of its total income from such activities.
Circular : No. 103 [F. No. 166/1/73-IT(A-I)], dated 17-2-1973.

What to watch

Where you meet it

In an assessment where the concessional rate for an industrial company is refused because income from manufacturing fell below 51 per cent of total income.

On the same provision

Other instruments in this library that name the same provision of the 1961 Act. They are not necessarily still operative, and a later one may have replaced an earlier one without saying so.

← Circular No. 104  ·  Circular No. 102 →

A circular binds the department, not you and not a court. The Board issues a circular to its own officers. An assessee may hold the department to a circular that helps him; the department cannot hold an assessee to one that hurts him, and the Tribunal and the courts decide the law for themselves.

Source: the Income Tax Department’s own published text — its page for this instrument.