VittSphere ONE Calculators Blog CA Prabhakar Kumar · FCA · ICAI 560762
Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter XXIII › Section 518
Chapter XXIIIwas s.290

Section 518 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 518 — Indemnity. Successor to s.290 of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 518 is in Chapter XXIII — Miscellaneous, which runs from section 499 to section 536.

← Section 517  ·  Section 519 →

What this section does

The section indemnifies every person who deducts, retains or pays any tax under the Act in respect of income belonging to another person, for that deduction, retention or payment. It is a single sentence covering all three acts, and it gives the protection to the person acting under the Act rather than to the person whose income it is.

Why it is there

A deductor or a person retaining or paying tax on someone else's income is handling money that is not his, and would otherwise be exposed to a claim from the owner of the income; the section removes that exposure so the obligations in the Act can be performed without risk.

Who it applies to

What this means in practice

If you have deducted, retained or paid tax on income belonging to someone else in pursuance of the Act, the person whose income it is cannot hold you liable for having done so. The protection follows the act being done in pursuance of the Act, so it goes no further than what the Act required or authorised.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

A company deducts tax from a payment due to a contractor and pays it over in pursuance of the Act. The contractor later sues the company for the shortfall, arguing that the full contract sum should have reached him. The section answers the claim outright: every person deducting, retaining or paying any tax under the Act in respect of income belonging to another person is indemnified for that deduction, retention or payment. The protection stops there, though — had the company kept the money instead of paying it over, that would not be a deduction, retention or payment made in pursuance of the Act and the indemnity would not cover it.

Where you meet this section

Not in any notice, form or return. It surfaces as a defence, when the person whose income was deducted from disputes the amount with the deductor — the section is what the deductor points to.

The words themselves

Every person deducting, retaining, or paying any tax in pursuance of this Act in respect of an income belonging to another person shall be indemnified for the deduction, retention, or payment thereof.
Section 518, Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.