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Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter XXI › Section 452
Chapter XXIwas s.271DB

Section 452 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 452 — Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 187. Successor to s.271DB of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 452 is in Chapter XXI — Penalties, which runs from section 439 to section 472.

← Section 451  ·  Section 453 →

What this section does

The section empowers the Assessing Officer to impose a penalty of Rs. 5000 for every day of the duration of the failure, on a person who fails to provide a facility for accepting payments through the prescribed electronic modes of payment as referred to in section 187.

Why it is there

Section 187 requires certain persons to offer the prescribed electronic payment modes, and a duty to provide a facility is only worth as much as the sanction behind it. A per-day penalty is used rather than a single sum because the failure is a continuing one: the pressure is to restore the facility, and every further day of non-compliance adds to the cost.

Who it applies to

The figures, and what each one turns on

Read the condition in the same row. A figure quoted without it is a wrong answer with a citation attached.
WhatFigureThe condition on itWhere
Penalty for failure to provide the electronic payment facilityRs. 5000 for every day of the duration of the failureWhere the person fails to provide a facility for accepting payments through the prescribed electronic modes of payment as referred to in section 187; the Assessing Officer "may" impose itSection 452

What this means in practice

The penalty is a daily one and runs for the whole duration of the failure, so its size is a function of time rather than of the amount of any transaction. The power is discretionary in form: the section says the Assessing Officer "may" impose it. What must be provided is not defined here — it is the facility referred to in section 187, through the prescribed electronic modes of payment.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

A person required by section 187 to offer the prescribed electronic payment modes does not provide the facility for sixty days. The penalty the Assessing Officer may impose is Rs. 5000 for each of those days, that is three lakh rupees, since the section measures the penalty by the duration of the failure and not by any single default.

Where you meet this section

You meet this as a penalty notice and order from the Assessing Officer following a finding that the section 187 facility was not provided. It is not a figure that appears in a return; it arises only in a penalty proceeding.

The words themselves

The Assessing Officer may impose on a person, a penalty of Rs. 5000 for every day of the duration of failure where he fails to provide a facility for accepting payments through the prescribed electronic modes of payment, as referred to in section 187.
Section 452, Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

Case law carried across

Read this before you rely on it. Every decision below was decided under the Income-tax Act, 1961. It appears here because it is tagged to a 1961 provision that the department’s own mapping carries to section 452. That is an inference we have drawn, not a holding on the new section: where the words changed in the move, the reasoning may not survive. Treat this as the place to start looking, not as authority on the 2025 Act.

Read with

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.