VittSphere ONE Calculators Blog CA Prabhakar Kumar · FCA · ICAI 560762
Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter XVIII › Section 389
Chapter XVIIIwas s.245W

Section 389 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 389 — Appeal. Successor to s.245W of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 389 is in Chapter XVIII — Appeals Revisions and Alternate Dispute Resolutions, which runs from section 356 to section 389.

← Section 388  ·  Section 390 →

What this section does

Sub-section (1) creates an appeal to the High Court against a ruling pronounced or an order passed by the Board for Advance Rulings. It may be brought by the applicant, if aggrieved, or by the Assessing Officer on the directions of the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner, and must be filed within sixty days from the date of communication of that ruling or order, in such form and manner as may be prescribed.

Sub-section (2) allows the High Court, on an application by the appellant, to grant a further period of thirty days where it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from presenting the appeal within the sub-section (1) period.

Why it is there

An advance ruling settles a question before the transaction is taxed, so a challenge to it goes straight to the High Court rather than through the ordinary appellate chain. Giving the right to both the applicant and the Assessing Officer, on direction, keeps the ruling reviewable from either side, and the tightly bounded extension preserves the speed the advance ruling route exists for.

Who it applies to

The figures, and what each one turns on

Read the condition in the same row. A figure quoted without it is a wrong answer with a citation attached.
WhatFigureThe condition on itWhere
Time to file the appeal to the High CourtSixty daysReckoned from the date of communication of the ruling or order, not from its dateSub-section (1)
Further period the High Court may grantThirty daysOn an application by the appellant, where the Court is satisfied he was prevented by sufficient cause from filing within the sixty daysSub-section (2)

What this means in practice

The two periods are separate and cumulative, and both are hard: sixty days from communication, plus at most thirty more that the High Court may allow on an application showing sufficient cause. The section gives no residual power beyond that ninety days. The clock starts on communication, not on pronouncement, so the record of when the ruling reached the appellant is what has to be preserved. The Department's right is not free-standing either — it depends on the directions of the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

A ruling is communicated to the applicant on 1 June. The appeal must reach the High Court within sixty days of that date. Filed on the seventieth day it is out of time unless the applicant applies under sub-section (2) and satisfies the Court that sufficient cause prevented timely filing — and even then the Court's power runs to a further thirty days only, so a filing on the ninety-fifth day is beyond saving on the words of the section.

Where you meet this section

You meet it on receiving a ruling or order of the Board for Advance Rulings — the date of communication starts the sixty-day clock — and again if the Department appeals it on the directions of the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner. The form and manner are left to be prescribed.

The words themselves

may appeal to the High Court against such ruling or order of the Board for Advance Rulings within sixty days from the date of the communication of that ruling or order
Section 389(1), Income-tax Act, 2025.
it may grant further period of thirty days for filing such appeal
Section 389(2), Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

Rules that serve this section

Rules of the Income-tax Rules, 2026 that work section 389. Where the rule’s own heading names the section we say so; the rest are marked on reading the rule, which is our derivation and not the department’s. A rule that serves the section silently and that we have missed will not appear here.

All of them are in the Rules 2026 index.

Notifications that reach this section

A notification is made under a power the Act gives and, within that power, is law. These too were made under the 1961 Act and are placed here by the department’s concordance.

See the notifications index.

Case law carried across

Read this before you rely on it. Every decision below was decided under the Income-tax Act, 1961. It appears here because it is tagged to a 1961 provision that the department’s own mapping carries to section 389. That is an inference we have drawn, not a holding on the new section: where the words changed in the move, the reasoning may not survive. Treat this as the place to start looking, not as authority on the 2025 Act.

Explainers

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.