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Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter XVIII › Section 373
Chapter XVIIIwas s.268A

Section 373 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 373 — Filing of appeal by income-tax authority. Successor to s.268A of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 373 is in Chapter XVIII — Appeals Revisions and Alternate Dispute Resolutions, which runs from section 356 to section 389.

← Section 372  ·  Section 374 →

What this section does

Sub-section (1) empowers the Board to issue orders, instructions or directions to other income-tax authorities from time to time, fixing such monetary limits as it deems fit, for regulating the filing of appeals by any income-tax authority under this Chapter.

Sub-section (2) provides that where, in pursuance of those orders, an authority has not filed an appeal on an issue in an assessee's case for a tax year, that does not preclude it from appealing on the same issue in the case of the same assessee for any other tax year, or of any other assessee for the same or any other tax year. Sub-section (3) makes it not lawful for an assessee who is a party in any appeal to contend that the authority acquiesced in the decision on the disputed issue by not filing an appeal in any case. Sub-section (4) requires the Appellate Tribunal or the Court hearing such an appeal to have regard to those orders, instructions or directions and to the circumstances in which the appeal was filed or not filed.

Why it is there

Departmental appeals below a certain tax effect cost more than they recover, so the Board is given a way to filter them centrally. The rest of the section removes the price of that filter: if a non-appeal could be read as acceptance of the point, the Department would have to appeal everything to protect its position. Sub-sections (2) and (3) make the non-appeal legally inert.

Who it applies to

The figures, and what each one turns on

Read the condition in the same row. A figure quoted without it is a wrong answer with a citation attached.
WhatFigureThe condition on itWhere
Monetary limits regulating appeals by income-tax authoritiesSuch monetary limits as the Board may deem fit — the section states no amountFixed by orders, instructions or directions issued from time to time, for appeals under this ChapterSub-section (1)

What this means in practice

The section operates against an argument rather than against an appeal. A departmental non-appeal below the Board's limit creates no estoppel: sub-section (2) preserves the same issue for other years and other assessees, and sub-section (3) makes the acquiescence contention unlawful for an assessee who is a party. Sub-section (4) cuts slightly the other way, requiring the Appellate Tribunal or Court to look at the Board's instructions and at why the appeal was or was not filed — so those instructions are relevant material even though the non-filing proves nothing on the merits.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

The Department does not appeal a Rs 30 lakh addition decided against it for one tax year, the tax effect being below the Board's limit. The same issue arises for the same company two years later above the limit, and for a different company. Sub-section (2) lets the Department appeal in both, and sub-section (3) makes it unlawful for either assessee to argue that the earlier non-filing amounted to acceptance of the point.

Where you meet this section

You meet it when the Department appeals an issue it let go in another year or another case, and in how the Appellate Tribunal or Court deals with that objection — sub-section (4) makes the Board's instructions and the circumstances of filing relevant to the hearing itself.

The words themselves

fixing such monetary limits as it may deem fit, for the purpose of regulating filing of appeal by any income-tax authority under the provisions of this Chapter
Section 373(1), Income-tax Act, 2025.
it shall not be lawful for an assessee, being a party in any appeal, to contend that the income-tax authority has acquiesced in the decision on the disputed issue by not filing an appeal in any case
Section 373(3), Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

Circulars of the Board on this section

A circular binds the department, not you and not a court. Every one below was written under the 1961 Act; it reaches this section because the department’s own concordance carries the provision it names to this one.

See the circulars index.

Case law carried across

Read this before you rely on it. Every decision below was decided under the Income-tax Act, 1961. It appears here because it is tagged to a 1961 provision that the department’s own mapping carries to section 373. That is an inference we have drawn, not a holding on the new section: where the words changed in the move, the reasoning may not survive. Treat this as the place to start looking, not as authority on the 2025 Act.

Explainers

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.