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Case lawIncome-tax Act 2025Chapter XVI › Section 272
Chapter XVIwas s.144A

Section 272 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

Section 272 — Power of Joint Commissioner to issue directions in certain cases. Successor to s.144A of the 1961 Act.

Where this section sits

Section 272 is in Chapter XVI — Procedure for Assessment, which runs from section 268 to section 301.

← Section 271  ·  Section 273 →

What this section does

Sub-section (1) allows a Joint Commissioner, on his own motion, on a reference from the Assessing Officer, or on the application of an assessee, to call for and examine the record of any proceeding in which an assessment is pending. If he considers it necessary or expedient, having regard to the nature of the case, the amount involved or any other reason, he may under clause (a) issue such directions as he thinks fit for the guidance of the Assessing Officer to enable him to complete the assessment, and under clause (b) those directions are binding on the Assessing Officer.

Sub-section (2) forbids directions prejudicial to the assessee without giving him an opportunity of being heard. Sub-section (3) provides that no direction as to the lines on which an investigation connected with the assessment should be made is to be deemed prejudicial to the assessee.

Why it is there

Large or unusual assessments benefit from a view taken above the Assessing Officer, and the section supplies a route for that while the assessment is still open. Because the direction binds the Assessing Officer, sub-section (2) attaches a hearing where it would go against the assessee, and sub-section (3) stops that safeguard being used to contest ordinary investigative instructions.

Who it applies to

What this means in practice

The power exists only while an assessment is pending; once complete, the section has nothing to operate on. It runs in three directions, and the one most often forgotten is the assessee's own application. The direction is not advice — sub-section (1)(b) makes it binding. The hearing right is conditional on the direction being prejudicial, and sub-section (3) removes from that category any direction about the lines of investigation, so a hearing cannot be demanded merely because a line of enquiry has been opened.

An example

Illustrative only, and invented for this page. The figures are chosen to show the rule biting, not taken from any real matter.

While a company's assessment is pending, the Assessing Officer refers a difficult question to the Joint Commissioner, who examines the record and issues directions on how the item is to be dealt with; those directions bind the Assessing Officer. If they go against the company, sub-section (2) requires it to be heard first; if they merely tell the Assessing Officer what lines of investigation to pursue, sub-section (3) means no hearing is required.

Where you meet this section

During a pending assessment — as a notice of hearing from the Joint Commissioner before a prejudicial direction, or in an assessment order recording that it was framed in accordance with his directions. An assessee can also start the process by applying to the Joint Commissioner.

The words themselves

on his own motion or on a reference being made to him by the Assessing Officer or on the application of an assessee
Section 272(1), Income-tax Act, 2025.
No directions which are prejudicial to the assessee shall be issued under sub-section (1) without giving an opportunity of being heard to the assessee
Section 272(2), Income-tax Act, 2025.

What people get wrong

What this replaced

The correspondence is the Income Tax Department’s own, from its comparison utility for the 1961 and 2025 Acts. A renumbering is the easy half; whether the words changed is the half that decides cases.

See the full 1961 to 2025 concordance.

Notifications that reach this section

A notification is made under a power the Act gives and, within that power, is law. These too were made under the 1961 Act and are placed here by the department’s concordance.

See the notifications index.

What this page does not tell you. It does not reproduce the section. Everything above was written from the section’s own text as the Income Tax Department publishes it — the text is here, and nothing here is advice on your facts. Where a figure matters, read the sub-section it comes from.